omv6_new_user_guide

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-<html><center><span style="color:#000066;font-size:300%;">Openmediavault 6 New User Guide</span></center></html> 
- 
-{{ :omv6ug_-top.jpg?700 |}} 
- 
-\\   
- 
-====== Getting Started with Openmediavault 6 ====== 
-\\ 
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>January 24th, 2021 - Rev 0.2</strong></center></html> 
-\\ 
-\\ 
-Version History: \\ 
-January 22nd, 2021 - Rev 0.1 (First Draft)\\ 
-January 24th, 2021 - Rev 0.2 Added Note boxes\\ 
- 
-{{ :divider2.png?800 |}} 
- 
-This document can be converted to a PDF file, in the user's language of choice (see the following), on Windows, Mac's and popular Linux desktop platforms. Select the printer icon on the upper right corner of this web page. When prompted at the client, select “print to PDF”, name and save the file. 
-\\ 
-  * [[https://translate.google.com/|Google Translate]] kann Wiki-Dokumente in Ihre Sprache übersetzen. Fügen Sie die Wiki-URL in das linke Fenster ein und öffnen Sie den übersetzten Link rechts.  
-  * [[https://translate.google.com/|Google Translate]] puede traducir documentos wiki a su idioma. Pegue la URL de la wiki en la ventana izquierda y abra el enlace traducido a la derecha.  
-  * [[https://translate.google.com/|Google Translate]] peut traduire des documents wiki dans votre langue. Collez l’url du wiki dans la fenêtre de gauche et ouvrez le lien traduit sur la droite.  
-  * [[https://translate.google.com/|Google Translate]] 翻訳はwikiドキュメントをあなたの言語に翻訳することができます。 左側のウィンドウにwikiのURLを貼り付け、右側の翻訳されたリンクを開きます。 
-{{ :divider2.png?800 |}} 
-\\ 
-===== Introduction to Openmediavault ===== 
- 
- 
-Openmediavault is a File Server / NAS system designed to work on most modern IBM compatible PC systems, to include typical amd64 or i386 PC’s and select ARM devices. Openmediavault can be thought of as filling a role similar to Microsoft's Server Essentials, but extends far beyond the role of a basic File Server with additional functionality added VIA plugin’s and Dockers. Openmediavault is designed to work with popular client operating systems and multiple filesystem types, utilizing proven data sharing techniques on small and medium sized Local Area Networks. 
- 
-In meeting the needs of it's intended users, individuals and small-to-medium-sized businesses, Openmediavault is designed for flexibility. 
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_01.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
-==== History ==== 
- 
-Openmediavault's history began with Volker Theile, who was the only active developer of the FreeNAS project by the end of 2009.   Volker became interested in completely rewriting FreeNAS, for use on Linux.  Initially, he named the rewritten package coreNAS.  Shortly thereafter, Volker discarded the name coreNAS in favor of openmediavault.  Openmediavault's initial release was on 17 October 2011.  It's built upon very mature and proven software layers and is under constant development. Openmediavault relies on the Debian project and uses their system and repositories as a base.  The project focus is on creating and maintaining a stable and extensible NAS system that is intuitive and easy to use. 
-\\ 
-\\ 
-==== Purpose ==== 
- 
-The purpose of openmediavault  is to provide a NAS system that is highly “extensible” with value added plugin’s and access to numerous Dockers that are desirable and beneficial to home users and small businesses at little to no cost. 
- 
-One of the ambitions of the openmediavault project is to make advanced NAS technologies and features available to inexperienced users in an easy to use WEB GUI, thereby making it possible for people, without extensive knowledge of Linux, to gain easy access to advanced technologies. 
-\\ 
-\\ 
-==== Getting Involved ==== 
- 
-If businesses and home users find openmediavault to be beneficial, please consider supporting the project with a modest donation.  While openmediavault is free, donations to cover Web site costs, hardware for testing, and other unavoidable expenses are needed and very much appreciated.  
- 
-[[https://www.openmediavault.org/?page_id=1149|Donate to openmediavault]] (Main project development)  and \\  
-[[https://wiki.omv-extras.org/|Donate to omv-extras.org]] (Support for Single Board Computers and Development of Plugins.) \\ 
- 
-{{ :divider2.png?800 |}} 
- 
-===== About this Guide ===== 
- 
-In computing, generally speaking, there are several ways to do the same thing.  By  
-extension,  methods and methodology become progressively more advanced as a user' 
-skill level increases.  With these notes in mind, methods found in this guide may  
-not be considered as “Best Practice”, especially from a hardened security  
-perspective.  The purpose and intent of this guide is to provide a walk-through  
-to get users up and running as quickly and easily as possible. 
-  * This guide contains links to external sources of information and software.  It's best used on a PC connected to the Internet. 
-  * This is a community document and a work in progress.  Input and feedback are welcome and can be sent to: omvguide@gmail.com 
- 
-{{ :divider2.png?800 |}} 
- 
-==== Beginners: ==== 
- 
-This document is intended for beginners who will, primarily, be using the openmediavault's GUI.  Beginners are assumed to have basic knowledge of  
-computers and their LAN systems, and a Windows or Apple PC. 
-The focus of this guide will be to take a technically easy route, for the widest possible cross section of new users, toward accomplishing  
-basic tasks using methods and processes that are easy to understand and duplicate. 
- 
-==== Advanced Users: ==== 
- 
-Openmediavault was designed to be intuitive for advanced users and beginners alike.   
-After the installation is complete, for a streamlined setup, see  
-the → [[https://wiki.omv-extras.org/doku.php?id=omv6_new_user_guide#quick_start_guide_for_advanced_users|Quick Start Guide]].   
-\\ 
-\\ 
-=== A Cautionary Note for Advanced Users: === 
- 
-Many of the configuration files traditionally used to customize Debian Linux are controlled by the openmediavault system database.  As a result, manual edits of configuration files may be overwritten as of the next, “on-demand”, configuration change in the openmediavault GUI.  Further, it is possible to “break” openmediavault with alterations and permissions changes to the files of the boot drive, on the command line.   
-In the beginning it's best to rely, primarily, on the GUI for configuration and control.  Otherwise, before attempting to customize the operating system,  
-backing up the boot drive is highly recommended. 
-\\ 
-\\ 
-==== Linux Experts, Admin's, and Developers: ==== 
- 
-Users in this category may prefer the information available on  
-the [[https://openmediavault.readthedocs.io/en/5.x/|Project's Wiki]].  ((Update to ReadtheDoc's Ver 6 when available)) 
- 
-{{ :divider2.png?800 |}} 
- 
-===== Hardware ===== 
- 
-Hardware requirements to run openmediavault are very modest, however, actual hardware requirements for specific “use cases” vary widely.   
-The following is intended only as general guidance. 
-\\ 
- 
-==== Compatibility: ==== 
- 
-Openmediavault 6.X is currently supported by Debian 11, “Bullseye”.   
-Compatible hardware and other requirements of Debian Linux are available  
-at [[https://wiki.debian.org/InstallingDebianOn/|Debian.org]]  
-\\ 
-\\ 
-==== 64 bit hardware (amd64): ==== 
- 
-The openmediavault project maintains convenient, fully integrated, openmediavault/Debian → [[https://www.openmediavault.org/?page_id=77|installation ISO's]] installation ISO's.  This is the best method  
-for getting openmediavault up and running quickly. 
-\\ 
-\\ 
- 
-==== 32 bit Hardware (i386): ==== 
- 
-While openmediavault is supported by 32 bit Debian installations, it's a two step scripted  
-process referenced in;  
-[[https://wiki.omv-extras.org/doku.php?id=omv6_new_user_guide#installing_omv_on_i386_32-bit_platforms|Installing OMV on i386 (32-bit) platforms]].   
-The openmediavault project does not provide integrated 32 bit installation ISO's. 
-\\ 
- 
- 
-==== ARM Hardware: ==== 
- 
-The openmediavault project provides scripted installation support for ARM Single Board Computer (SBC) platforms.  Supported platforms are the Raspberry Pi,  
-models 2B and higher, and the various ARM platforms supported by the [[https://www.armbian.com/download/|Armbian Project]].   
-\\ 
-\\ 
-==== Minimum Hardware requirements ====  
- 
-Openmediavault/Debian will run on I386, AMD64, and select ARM platforms with 1GB of ram or less, but performance expectations should be adjusted accordingly.  The system boot drive should have a minimum of **8GB** capacity. 
-\\ 
-\\ 
- 
-==== Recommended Minimum requirements ==== 
- 
-For basic File Server operations - 1 or 2 users:\\ 
-  * Intel Core 2 Duo or equivalent AMD processor and 1GB of RAM. 
-  * Any of the ARM Single Board Computers supported by openmediavault.  At least 1 GB of RAM would be preferred.\\ 
-If flash media is used, (USB thumb-drives, SD-cards, etc.) the system boot drive should have at least 16GB capacity, for longer life. 
-\\ 
-\\ 
- 
-==== Recommended Hardware and Considerations for a good use experience ==== 
- 
-=== amd64 === 
-\\ 
-  * Intel i3 (or equivalent AMD processor), 4GB ram or better (ECC preferred) and a 16GB system boot drive will provide good performance in home or small business use cases. 
-  * As the number of NAS users increase and server processes are added, processing power and memory requirements increase. 
-  * For file caching, in support of normal file system operations, performance is better with more RAM. 
-  * The number of a Motherboard's SATA or SAS ports can be a factor if future storage expansion is needed. 
-  * A case design that accommodates the physical installation of additional hard drives can be helpful. 
-  * Integrated video is preferred over add-on Video cards.  With openmediavault's headless server design, add-on Video cards are an excessive and unnecessary power drain with no performance benefit. Installing a high end, high powered Video card in a headless server is analogous to installing a 65 to 200 watt light bulb in a closet, without a switch, and closing the door. 
-\\ 
-\\ 
-=== ARM - Single Board Computers: === 
- 
-Performance levels vary greatly among the various models of **Single Board Computer**  
-(hereafter referred to as an “**SBC**”) that are supported by Armbian, Raspbian, and  
-openmediavault.  While most will support file server operations for a few users, if  
-running server add-on's or Dockers is a requirement, research supported SBC's carefully  
-before buying.  [[https://forum.armbian.com/|Armbian's]]  
-or [[https://forum.openmediavault.org/|openmediavault's]] forums may be of assistance,  
-along with Internet product reviews.\\ 
-\\ 
-When considering an SBC as a primary NAS server for home use, note that support for SBC's is  
-**for the current openmediavault release only**.  Accordingly, SBC users should read the  
-ending cautionary note in  
-[[https://openmediavault.readthedocs.io/en/5.x/new_user_guide/newuserguide.html#operating-system-backup|Operating System Backup]]. ((Redirect to OMV6 maintenance when it exists.)) 
-\\ 
-\\ 
-== Raspberry PI's == 
- 
-(Hereafter referred to as “R-PI's”.)   
-Given the current market for SBC's, the majority of SBC users will likely be owners of R-PI's.\\ 
-\\ 
-Openmediavault runs well on the R-PI 4.  While openmediavault will run on an R-PI model 2B  
-and the various models of the R-PI 3, it is not recommended.  Performance is poor.   What  
-exactly does “poor performance” mean?  In this context, if the R-PI's CPU is running at 100%,  
-openmediavault my not show up on the local network and / or network shares may not open.   
-This may give the false impression that there's a software or permissions problem.  In other  
-instances, the WEB GUI login page may not respond.\\ 
-\\ 
-These issues may appear to be software related, but that's not always the case.  Older R-PI' 
-are very easily over stressed and, during periods where the CPU is running at 100%, they may  
-not respond to external input.  With this performance limitation in mind, earlier versions of  
-the R-PI (2B and 3X models) should be used only as a basic file server for 1 or 2 user home  
-environments, where multitasking is less likely.  If running automated tasks, it's best to  
-schedule them to run in the early morning hours when user access would not be affected.\\ 
-\\ 
-In addition, R-PI's suffer from USB under powering in models 2B and 3X.  See notes regarding  
-this issue in  
-[[https://openmediavault.readthedocs.io/en/5.x/new_user_guide/newuserguide.html#usb-power-a-common-raspberry-pi-problem|USB Power - A Common Raspberry PI problem]]  ((Redirect to OMV6 maintenance when it exists.))\\ 
-\\ 
-\\ 
-==== Where CPU Power may be Needed – “Transcoding” ==== 
- 
-If a users' primary consideration is setting a up a media server, CPU selection may need  
-careful consideration.\\ 
-\\ 
-Transcoding is a process for translating media file formats into types that mobile devices  
-understand.  Since mobile devices are low powered, they're not capable of re-processing high  
-resolution media files smoothly so the processing burden is often transferred to the media  
-server.\\ 
-\\ 
-\\ 
-=== Pre-2011 Intel and AMD CPU's === 
- 
-Plex, a popular media server, recommends at least 2000 on the CPU's [[https://www.cpubenchmark.net/cpu_list.php|PassMark]] score for each  
-concurrent 1080p transcoded stream. ([[https://support.plex.tv/hc/en-us/articles/201774043-What-kind-of-CPU-do-I-need-for-my-Server-|See the advice article here]])   
-However note that this advice applies to __pre-2011__ Intel and AMD CPU's.   
-Look up an older CPU here → [[https://www.cpubenchmark.net/cpu_list.php|PassMark CPU Benchmarks]] \\ 
-{{ :divider2.png?800 |}} 
- 
-=== 2011 and Newer Intel CPU's === 
- 
-As of the beginning of the Sandy Bridge CPU series in 2011 and later, a core has been added  
-to **Intel** CPU's for the sole purpose of video transcoding.  CPU's with  
-[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Quick_Sync_Video|Quick Sync]], to include Celeron and  
-Atom models that are relatively low powered, do a good job of transcoding for portable devices.\\ 
-\\ 
-If NAS administrators have numerous smart phone users, in their homes or businesses, who will  
-be watching transcoded video on the small screen, CPU loading and Video processing features  
-may require some additional thought and research.\\  
-\\ 
-Additional reading → [[https://www.macxdvd.com/mac-dvd-video-converter-how-to/what-is-intel-quick-sync-video.htm|Intel Quick Sync versus similar AMD technology.]]\\ 
-\\ 
-\\ 
-==== Selecting a Boot Drive ==== 
- 
-Nearly any type of hard drive, SSD, or flash device (USB thumb-drives and SD-cards) 8GB or  
-larger, will function as an openmediavault boot drive.  \\ 
-However, some notions of achieving a “Faster” or a “Better Performing NAS server” by using  
-certain types of fast boot media should be dispelled.  \\ 
-Server boot requirements and considerations are different when compared to desktop and  
-business workstation requirements.\\ 
-\\ 
-  * Given openmediavault's lean configuration, boot times can be fast.  Boot times of 1 minute and Shutdown times of 20 seconds are common, even when using relatively slow flash media such as USB thumb-drives and SD-cards.  (Recent models can be quite fast – check their benchmarks.) 
-  * Typically servers are rebooted no more than once a week.  When automated, a reboot event is usually scheduled after-hours when users are not affected.   
-  * After the boot process is complete, most of openmediavault's file server functions are running from RAM.\\ 
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>Conclusion – for Linux file server operations, fast boot media is not important.</strong></center></html> 
-\\ 
-  * “The WEB/GUI is more responsive with fast media.”\\ 
-\\ 
-This is the single instance where an SSD or a spinning hard drive may create the illusion of higher performance.  In the traditional role of a NAS as a File Server, when the server boots, the Linux kernel and most of the necessary processes required to act as a File Server are loaded into RAM - the fastest possible media for execution. \\ 
-\\ 
-Navigating openmediavault's WEB/GUI interface is another matter.  Loading WEB pages may call files from the boot drive which may make the server appear to be slower, when using slow media.  However, the speed of the boot drive has little impact on overall file server function and actual NAS file serving performance.\\ 
-* **The above assumes that adequate RAM has been provisioned.** * \\ 
- 
----- 
-\\ 
-=== Final Notes on Choosing a Boot Drive === 
- 
-Openmediavault's boot requirements are very modest: 
-While some users prefer traditional hard drives or SSD's, the boot requirement can be served with USB thumb-drives and SD-cards, 8GB or larger.\\ 
-\\ 
-With USB connections on the //outside// of a PC case, cloning  
-USB drives for operating system backup ((Redirect to OMV6 maintenance when it exists.)) is  
-an easy process.  Given this consideration, some users prefer USB thumb-drives and other  
-external flash media to internal drives.  Further, given the ease of operating system  
-recovery in the event of a boot drive failure, beginners are encouraged to consider using  
-flash media.\\ 
-\\ 
-**If flash media is used:** \\ 
-__**New**__ name brand drives are recommended such as Samsung, SanDisk, etc.  While not  
-absolutely essential; **USB3** thumb-drives are preferred, due to their more advanced  
-controllers, and SD-cards branded **A1** for their improved random read/write performance.   
-**USB3** thumb-drives and **A1** spec'ed SD-cards are faster and, generally speaking, more reliable than similar items with older specifications. \\  
-\\ 
-While boot drive size matters, bigger is not always better.  An acceptable size trade off for wear leveling and the speed of cloning is between 16 and 32GB.\\ 
-\\ 
-“**Wear leveling**” will be explained during the installation and configuration of the  
-flash-memory plugin. Note that the flash-memory plugi* is **required** to boot from **flash media**.   
-It's purpose and installation are detailed in [[https://wiki.omv-extras.org/doku.php?id=flashmemory_plugin_for_omv6#the_flashmemory_plugin|The Flash Memory Plugin]].  
-\\ 
-Use-case exceptions where boot media larger than 32GB may be useful: 
-\\ 
-   * Running applications that utilize WEB interfaces, such as Plex, Emby, etc. 
-   * Hosting Web or Media Servers with extensive content. 
-   * Hosting Virtualized Guest operating systems with desktops.  (Does not apply to ARM platforms. ARM platforms can not virtualize i386 or amd64 operating systems.) 
-\\ 
-There's no penalty for starting with a smaller boot drive. Moving to a larger drive, if needed, can be done later.)\\ 
-\\ 
-<html> 
-<body> 
-  <table width="100%" border="0"> 
-    <tr> 
-      <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFB663;height:30px;"> 
-        <strong><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-size:110%;">&#160; Warning </span></strong> 
-      </td> 
-    </tr> 
-    <tr> 
-      <td style="background-color:#FFE4A6;height:25px;width:380px;"> 
-                Buying flash devices on-line, even from reputable retailers, comes with the substantial risk of buying fakes.  Buying flash drives, in sealed packaging, from walk-in retail stores with liberal return policies is recommended.  The use of cheap generics, fakes or knockoffs is highly discouraged.  They tend to have a short life and they're known to cause problems, even if they initially test error-free.   
-In addition, to detect fakes or defective media even when new; all SD-cards and USB thumb-drives, should be formatted and tested in accordance with the process outlined under Format and Testing Flash Media.  If they fail error testing, return them for a refund. 
-    </tr> 
-  </table> 
-</body> 
-</html> 
-==== Hardware - The Bottom Line ==== 
- 
-Again, openmediavault/Debian's hardware requirements are modest.  Nearly any IBM  
-compatible PC or Laptop produced in the last 10 years could be re-purposed as an  
-openmediavault server.\\ 
-However, it should be noted that newer hardware is, generally speaking, more power  
-efficient and it's higher performing.  The power costs of running older equipment  
-that is on-line, 24 hours a day, can easily pay for newer, more power efficient  
-equipment over time.\\   
-Further, the supported ARM platforms are both power efficient and capable of  
-providing file server functions in a home environment.  (Again, performance  
-expectations should be adjusted in accordance with the capabilities of the hardware.)\\ 
- 
-{{ :divider2.png?800 |}} 
- 
-===== Installing OMV on Single Board Computers (SBC's) ===== 
-Installation guides for SBC installations are available → [[https://wiki.omv-extras.org/|here]].\\ 
- 
-{{ :divider2.png?800 |}} 
- 
-===== Installing OMV on i386 32-bit Platforms ===== 
- 
-An installation guide for 32-bit installations is available → [[https://wiki.omv-extras.org/|here]]. 
- 
-{{ :divider2.png?800 |}} 
- 
-===== amd64 (64-bit) Platforms ===== 
- 
-This guide assumes the user will be installing from a CD, burned from an image found  
-in [[https://sourceforge.net/projects/openmediavault/files/|openmediavault's files repository]],  
-using 64 bit hardware.  Information for creating a bootable USB thumb-drive, as a  
-software source, is provided below.  (Insert link to creating a boot thumbdrive). 
-\\ 
-\\ 
-==== Downloading ==== 
- 
-Beginners should download the latest __stable__ version from  
-[[https://sourceforge.net/projects/openmediavault/files/|Sourceforge.net]] and  
-copy or download the SHA or MD5 checksums for the ISO.  The checksum value will  
-be used with the MD5 SHA checksum utility.  (Windows Notepad can open MD5 files by  
-selecting “**All Files**”, next to the file name drop down.) \\  
-\\ 
-<html> 
-<body> 
-  <table width="100%" border="0"> 
-    <tr> 
-      <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFB663;height:30px;"> 
-        <strong><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-size:110%;">&#160; Warning </span></strong> 
-      </td> 
-    </tr> 
-    <tr> 
-      <td style="background-color:#FFE4A6;height:25px;width:380px;"> 
-        If users install Beta or Release Candidate versions of openmediavault, they are agreeing to be  
-a “<strong>tester</strong>”.  As part of being a tester, users may experience issues or bugs, that can  
-not be resolved, which may result in lost data.  Plan accordingly, with <strong>full data  
-backup</strong>. 
-    </tr> 
-  </table> 
-</body> 
-</html> 
-\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-=== Verify the download === 
- 
-After the download is complete, verify the download with a [[https://md5-sha-checksum-utility.en.lo4d.com/windows|MD5 & SHA chechsum utility]].   
-MD5 and SHA hashes check for image corruption that may have occurred during the download.  \\    
-\\ 
-<html> 
-<body> 
-  <table width="100%" border="0"> 
-    <tr> 
-      <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#69A5FF;height:30px;"> 
-        <strong><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-size:110%;">&#160; Note</span></strong> 
-      </td> 
-    </tr> 
-    <tr> 
-      <td style="background-color:#E6FEFF;height:25px;width:380px;"> 
-        <strong>Beginners - DO NOT SKIP THIS STEP</strong> The chance of image corruption is higher when  
-downloading and it's pointless to build a server with flawed software.  Even the  
-<strong>slightest</strong> corruption of the installation ISO may ruin your installation and the effects may not  
-be noticed until well after your server is built and in use.  Headaches can be avoided by checking the image. 
-    </tr> 
-  </table> 
-</body> 
-</html> 
-\\ 
-\\ 
-==== Installing - amd64 Platforms ==== 
- 
-=== Burning a source CD === 
- 
-Assuming a CD/DVD drive is installed; in most cases, double clicking an installation file, with an “.ISO” extension, will  
-trigger a CD burning utility on a Windows Computer or a MAC.  If help is needed for  
-this process, see the following link.\\ 
-[[https://www.lifewire.com/how-to-burn-an-iso-image-file-to-a-dvd-2626156|How to burn an ISO image in Windows 7, 8, 10]] \\ 
-\\ 
- 
-=== Creating a Bootable ISO Thumb-drive === 
- 
-For PC's without an Optical drive; the openmediavault ISO can be installed using a  
-Thumbdrive as the ISO source, and install the Debian/openmediavault system to a second thumb drive or hard drive. 
-For assistance in creating a bootable ISO thumb-drive, see the following link.\\ 
-[[https://www.lifewire.com/how-to-burn-an-iso-file-to-a-usb-drive-2619270|How to install an ISO file on a USB drive]] \\ 
-\\ 
-*Before creating an ISO thumb-drive, consider checking the thumbdrive, to be used as a software source, using the  
-utilities and process described below in, [[https://wiki.omv-extras.org/doku.php?id=omv6_new_user_guide#preparing_flash_media|Preparing Flash Media]].* 
-\\ 
-\\ 
-\\ 
-** If installing to a standard hard drive or SSD, skip  
-to → [[https://wiki.omv-extras.org/doku.php?id=omv6_new_user_guide#amd64_openmediavault_installation|Openmediavault_Installation]]. **  
-\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-=== Preparing Flash Media === 
-  
-To use flash media as a boot drive, a couple utilities are recommended:\\ 
-[[https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/formatter_4/eula_windows/index.html|SDFormatter]] (get the latest version), and   
-[[https://www.heise.de/ct/Redaktion/bo/downloads/h2testw_1.4.zip|h2testw1.4 ]]. 
-  * [[https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/formatter_4/eula_windows/index.html|SDFormatter]] installs in the same manner as a typical Windows program.   
-  * [[https://www.heise.de/ct/Redaktion/bo/downloads/h2testw_1.4.zip|h2testw1.4]] is stand-alone “portable” application.   
-Simply unzip h2testw_1.4 onto the desktop, open the folder, and double click the  
-executable.\\ 
-\\ 
-Due to the rise in counterfeit media and media that reports a fake size, it' 
-recommended that all USB thumb-drives and SD-cards, new or used, be formatted with  
-**SDFormatter** and tested with  **h2testw1.4**  before using them.\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
- 
-== Format and Test Flash Media == 
- 
-Using SDFormatter, do a clean format:\\ 
-(While SDFormatter was designed for SD-cards, it can format USB thumb-drives for  
-error testing. SDFormatter will detect a USB thumb-drive.)\\ 
-\\ 
-<html><center>A volume label is optional and the default options are fine.</center></html> 
-\\ 
-{{ ::omv6ug_-_02.jpg?400 |}} 
-\\ 
-<html><center>Click on <strong>Format</strong> and <strong>Yes</strong></center></html> 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>When the format is finished</strong>, remove and reinsert the SD card or Thumbdrive.</center></html> 
-<html><center>Open <strong>h2testw</strong> and select your language.</center></html> 
-<html><center>Then, click on <strong>Select target</strong></center></html> 
-\\ 
-{{ ::omv6ug_-_04.jpg?400 |}} 
-\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center>Under "<strong>This PC</strong>", select the flash media previously formatted and <strong>OK</strong></center></html> 
-\\ 
-{{ ::omv6ug_-_05.jpg?400 |}} 
-\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center>Select <strong>Write+Verify</strong> (Do not check endless verify)</center></html> 
-\\ 
-{{ ::omv6ug_-_06.jpg?400 |}} 
-\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center>A dialog box similar to the following may pop up, drawing attention to a “<strong>1</strong>MB” difference.</center></html> 
-<html><center>Ignore this and click on <strong>OK</strong>.</center></html> 
-\\ 
-{{ ::omv6ug_-_07.jpg?400 |}} 
-\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center>"<strong>Without errors”</strong>" is the desired outcome.</center></html> 
-<html><center>(If media tests with errors or is much smaller than is indicated by it's labeled size, don't use it.)</center></html> 
-\\ 
-{{ ::omv6ug_-_08.jpg?400 |}} 
-\\ 
-\\ 
-After H2testw verifies the USB thumb-drive, do one more clean format, using SDFormatter, before using the thumb-drive. 
- 
-{{ :divider2.png?800 |}} 
- 
-==== amd64 – Openmediavault Installation ==== 
-\\ 
-If your PC platform won't boot onto a CD or USB thumb-drive with the installation  
-ISO, it may be necessary to change the boot order in BIOS, to set the CD/DVD drive  
-or USB boot to the top of the boot order.  This link may provide assistance on  
-this topic. → [[https://www.lifewire.com/how-to-enter-bios-2624481|How To Enter BIOS]]. \\ 
-\\ 
-If difficulties are encountered during the ISO installation, consider the  
-[[https://wiki.omv-extras.org/doku.php?id=installing_omv5_i386_32_bit_pc|Alternate 64bit installation guide]]. \\ 
- 
-{{ ::divider2.png?800 |}} 
-\\ 
-An installation walk-through: \\   
-If offered a choice, chose the text install. \\ 
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>Boot Menu:  Select Install</strong></center></html> 
- 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_09.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
- 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>Select a Language:  (As needed)</strong></center></html>  
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_10.jpg?600 |}} 
-\\ 
- 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>Select your Location:  (As appropriate.)</strong></center></html> 
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_11.jpg?600 |}} 
-\\ 
- 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>Configure the Keyboard: (Select as appropriate)</strong></center></html>  
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_12.jpg?600 |}} 
-\\ 
- 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>Configure the Network: </strong>While the default hostname is fine,</center></html>  
-<html><center>a server name that is a bit shorter might be easier to work with later on.  (Something like <strong>OMV1</strong>).</center></html>  
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_13.jpg?600 |}} 
-\\ 
- 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>Configure the Network:</strong></center></html>  
-<html><center>If applicable, enter your domain name suffix.  Otherwise, for home users and businesses with</center></html>  
-<html><center>peer to peer networks, the default entry is fine.</center></html>\\ 
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_14.jpg?600 |}} 
-\\ 
- 
----- 
- 
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>Set up users and passwords:</strong></center></html>  
-<html><center>Follow the on screen guidance for setting the <strong>root password.</strong></center></html>  
-<html><center>While <strong>not</strong> recommended, it would be better to write down the root password, then to forget it.</center></html>\\ 
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_15.jpg?600 |}} 
-\\ 
- 
----- 
- 
- 
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>Configure the Clock:</strong></center></html>  
-<html><center>Select your time zone.</center></html>  
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_16.jpg?600 |}} 
-\\ 
- 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>Configure the Clock:</strong></center></html>  
-<html><center>Select your time zone.</center></html>  
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_17.jpg?600 |}} 
-\\ 
- 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>Partition Disks 1:</strong></center></html>  
-<html><center>If two storage devices are available for installation, this screen is displayed.</center></html>  
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_18.jpg?600 |}} 
-\\ 
- 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>Partition Disks 2:</strong></center></html>  
-<html><center>If installing to a single internal drive, there will be only one selection available.  In this particular example, the</center></html>  
-<html><center>installation is placed on a USB thumb-drive.</center></html>  
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_19.jpg?600 |}} 
-\\ 
- 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>Partition Disks 3:</strong></center></html>  
-<html><center>(No Pic)</center></html>  
-<html><center>A 3rd window asks for confirmation of partition selections. Select <strong>Yes</strong>.</center></html>  
-\\ 
-* If installing to a USB drive, at this point, it is possible to an error may  
-pop-up regarding partitioning the drive, and recommend a reboot.  Follow the  
-recommendation.  After the reboot, the partition operation should succeed the 2nd  
-time around. *\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-The system installs..........\\ 
-\\ 
- 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>Configure the Package Manager:</strong></center></html>  
-<html><center><strong>Debian Archive Mirror Country</strong></center></html>  
-<html><center>(No Pic)</center></html>\\ 
-\\ 
-While the advice given in this screen is true, without testing, there's no way  
-to know which Debian archive mirror is best. Without testing, picking your  
-country or the closest location to your country would be the logical choice. 
-\\ 
- 
----- 
- 
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>Configure the Package Manager:</strong></center></html>  
-<html><center><strong>Debian Archive Mirror</strong></center></html>  
-<html><center>(No Pic)</center></html> 
-<html><center>The default choice is usually best.</html> 
-\\ 
- 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>Configure the Package Manager:</strong></center></html>  
-<html><center><strong>HTTP proxy</strong></center></html>  
-<html><center>In most cases this entry will be blank.</html> 
-<html><center>(If a proxy is required, note the form of entry required in the dialog box.)</html> 
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_20.jpg?600 |}} 
-\\ 
- 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center>* If installing to a hard drive,<strong> the following screen may or may not appear. *</strong></center></html>  
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>Install the GRUB Boot Loader on a Hard Disk:</strong></center></html>  
-<html><center>Select the appropriate boot disk in your server.</html> 
-<html><center>(Generally the boot drive will be <strong>/dev/sda</strong> which is, in most cases, the first SATA port.)</html> 
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_21.jpg?600 |}} 
-\\ 
- 
----- 
-<html><center><strong>The following screen may or may not appear.</strong></center></html>  
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>Finish the Installation:</strong></center></html>  
-<html><center>Accept the default.</html> 
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_22.jpg?600 |}} 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>Installation Complete:</strong></center></html>  
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>Remove the CD or USB installation source, then hit ENTER.</strong></center></html>  
-<html><center>(Otherwise, the installation process may re-start.)</html> 
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_22.jpg?600 |}} 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-==== First Boot ==== 
-\\ 
-Allow the installation to boot.  Normally, the text above the login prompt will  
-provide an IP address to be used for opening the console in a web browser. \\ 
-\\ 
-**If an IP address is available**, skip the following and proceed  
-to → [[https://wiki.omv-extras.org/doku.php?id=omv6_new_user_guide#initial_configuration|Initial Configuration]]. \\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>There are two exception cases on the first boot that users should be aware of.</strong></center></html>  
-\\ 
-**1.) No address from the DHCP server:** \\ 
-Normally, DHCP will assign an IP address to openmediavault and the address will be  
-printed to the screen.  However, on odd occasions the following issue may be  
-observed.  
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_23.jpg?600 |}} 
-\\ 
-This is usually due to a slow response from your DHCP server, during a fast boot  
-process.\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-An easy method of finding the IP address is: \\ 
-At the login prompt type ''root'' \\ 
-Enter your previously set root **password**. \\ 
-At the # prompt type: ''ip addr'' \\ 
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_24.jpg?600 |}} 
-\\ 
-To access the WEB control panel, the IP address for the wired Ethernet interface  
-is needed.  In this case it's **192.168.1.55**  (**/24**, the subnet mask, can be ignored.) \\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-**2. A random IP address is assigned, that is __not__ in the user's network:** \\ 
-In the following example, the actual network is 192.168.**1**.0/24 \\ 
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_25.jpg?600 |}} 
-\\ 
-This is usually a one time event where the fix is simple – simply login as  
-**root** and type ''reboot'' on the command line.  The address will be correct the  
-second time around.\\ 
-\\ 
-On very rare occasions, depending on the model and type of router, it may  
-be necessary to reboot the router AND follow that with a reboot of the OMV server.\\ 
-\\ 
-**With a known IP address**, proceed to [[https://wiki.omv-extras.org/doku.php?id=omv6_new_user_guide#initial_configuration|Initial Configuration]]. 
- 
- 
-{{ :divider2.png?800 |}} 
- 
-===== Initial Configuration ===== 
-\\ 
-==== Web console login ==== 
-\\ 
-In a web browser's address bar, type in the IP address provided by the first boot screen: \\ 
-Set the language of your choice. \\ 
-The user name is ''admin'' and default password is ''openmediavault'' \\ 
-\\ 
-(In the following, by clicking on the **eye icon** , the default password would  
-be shown unmasked.) \\ 
- 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_26.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-After the first successful logon, the following prompt is displayed: \\ 
-\\ 
-<html><center>Click in the area shown by the <html><span style="color:#CC0000;font-size:110%;">red box</span></center></html> 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_dash.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
-<html><center>This will bring up Dashboard settings. Select the statistics desired on the server's home page.</center></html> 
- 
-{{ :divider2.png?800 |}} 
- 
-===== Quick Start Guide for Advanced Users: ===== 
- 
- 
-  * In the left hand column, start at the top with System, and work your way down,  
-choosing and activating the services and features needed for your use case. 
-  * For amd64 and i386 users, a static address for the openmediavault server and setting the address of a [[https://wiki.ipfire.org/dns/public-servers|public DNS server]] is recommended.   
-(*SBC users, see the section,  
-[[https://wiki.omv-extras.org/doku.php?id=omv6_new_user_guide#network_interfaces_sbc_users|Network Interfaces – SBC Users]].*)  
-As an example:  Googles servers 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4 support DNSSEC for better  
-security, and ANYCAST which will direct DNS queries to a nearby server with low  
-network latency.  There are several choices for Public servers that support these  
-features. [[https://wiki.ipfire.org/dns/public-servers|List of Public DNS Servers.]] 
-  * For a browseable network share, a minimum of one shared folder would need to be configured and that folder would need to be added to SMB/CIF to be visible on the network. 
- 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_27.jpg?800 |}} 
- 
-{{ :divider2.png?800 |}} 
- 
-===== Basic Openmediavault Configuration ===== 
-\\ 
-This section will guide new users through the initial setup of openmediavault.  It  
-addresses how to add a plugin, enabling OMV-Extras, how to setup a shared folder  
-and make it browseable on the network with an SMB/CIF share. 
-\\ 
-\\ 
- 
-==== Change Password ==== 
-\\ 
-<html><center>Click on the <strong>Settings Icon</strong> and <strong>Change Password</strong>.</center></html> 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_28.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center>Enter a <strong>strong password</strong>, confirm it and <strong>Save</strong>.</center></html> 
-<html><center>(This is one of a few instances where the yellow “confirmation” banner does not appear.)</center></html> 
-<html><center>This setting changes the GUI login <strong><i>password</i></strong> The user <strong>admin</strong> will remain the same.</center></html> 
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_29.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
-==== System Settings ==== 
-\\ 
-Under **System**, **Workbench**:\\ 
-\\ 
-<html><center>To allow a bit more time for configuration in the GUI, <strong>users should consider lengthening the automatic log out time.</strong></center></html> 
- 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_30.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_31.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
-<html><center>When the yellow confirmation banner appears, clicking <strong>the check mark</strong> will <strong>apply</strong> the change. 
-(The arrow is “<strong>revert</strong>”.  Clicking the curved arrow will undo the last change.)</center></html> 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center>Under <strong>System</strong>, <strong>Date & Time</strong> (No Pic) </center></html> 
-<html><center>In the <strong>Time Zone</strong> field, click the pop down arrow and select your Time Zone.</center></html> 
- 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_32.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-=== Server Notifications === 
-Under **System**, **Notification**, Settings:\\   
-\\ 
-If enabled, E-mail setting entries are required if users want to take advantage of  
-automated server notifications and reports.  (Highly Recommended.)  Other actions  
-and scripts, in **Scheduled Jobs** for example, can use this information to E-mail a  
-report of task execution or status, as users may deem necessary.\\ 
-\\ 
-To gather the required information for entry in the **Settings** window, users should  
-refer to the SMTP settings for their E-mail clients.  Note that most ISP's are using  
-**SSL/TLS** secured E-mail connections.\\ 
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>Fill in <font color="red">*</font color="red"> fields with user E-mail settings</strong></center></html> 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_33.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-Under **System**, **Notification**, **Notifications**:\\ 
-\\ 
-Select various functions for error reporting.\\   
-\\ 
-If using a minimalist platform, such as older hardware or SBC's,  E-mails regarding  
-system resources, memory, etc., may become bothersome.  Unchecking boxes for these  
-resources would eliminate excess E-mails, while maintaining **Storage reports** on hard  
-drive health and file system errors.\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_34.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
-<html> 
-<body> 
-  <table width="100%" border="0"> 
-    <tr> 
-      <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#69A5FF;height:30px;"> 
-        <strong><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-size:110%;">&#160; Note</span></strong> 
-      </td> 
-    </tr> 
-    <tr> 
-      <td style="background-color:#E6FEFF;height:25px;width:380px;"> 
-        Using <strong>Filesystems and SMART</strong> Notifications is <strong><italic>highly</italic></strong> recommended.  If SMART  
-monitoring of hard drives is <strong>enabled</strong>, under <strong>Storage</strong>, <strong>SMART</strong>, <strong>Settings</strong> and short drive  
-self-tests are enabled on spinning drives in the <strong>Storage</strong>, <strong>SMART</strong>, <strong>Devices</strong>, the system  
-may notify the user of hard drive errors <strong><italic>before</italic></strong> a hard drive fails completely. 
-    </tr> 
-  </table> 
-</body> 
-</html> 
-\\ 
-\\ 
-For an explanation of drive self-tests and an example of how to set up a drive self-test, see the section;    
-[[https://wiki.omv-extras.org/doku.php?id=omv6_new_user_guide#drive_self-tests|Drive Self-Tests]]\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-Under, **Network**, **General**.\\ 
-\\ 
-**Hostname:** \\ 
-The hostname is the name that will appear on your network and on the command line.  While the default is fine, if desired, the hostname can be changed here.  \\ 
-\\ 
-**Domain name:** \\ 
-The default is fine.  If needed, the Domain suffix can be changed here.  (Very few users will use Fully Qualified Domain Names.)    
-{{ :omv6ug_-_35.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-=== Network Interfaces – SBC Users === 
- 
-Part of the SBC installation process was setting the wired interface to DHCP.  SBC  
-users should consider leaving their wired network interface set to DHCP, until Docker ((Redirect to OMV6 maintenance when it exists.))  
-and Portainer ((Redirect to OMV6 maintenance when it exists.)) are installed.\\ 
- 
-If a static IP address is needed: \\ 
-Note that your SBC has been assigned an IP address by your LAN's DHCP server.   
-(Typically, a router.) See your router's documentation for information on setting a  
-“Static”, or  “Reserved” DHCP lease. \\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-=== Network Interfaces – i386/amd64 Users === 
- 
-Under, **System**, **Network**, **Interfaces**: 
- 
-Highlight / click on the **interface** line found under the **Device** column, and ] 
-click the **Edit** button.  Use the first interface line/name found.  \\ 
-\\ 
-(The interface name may not be the traditional Linux eth0.  A variety of different  
-names may be found, such as **eno1** or others.) \\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_36.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-* The following is an example only.  If users are unsure of the entries needed for  
-the following screen, leave **IPv4** set to **DHCP** and skip **Network**, **Interfaces** settings. * 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_37.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
-  * It is recommended that users assign a **static IP address**, to the new openmediavault  
-server, that is outside the address range of the network's DHCP server. 
-  * In many cases, the Netmask will be as shown and the Gateway address will be the address of the user's router. 
-  * If Ipv6 is not needed, leave it at the default setting – Disabled. 
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>(- Scroll Down to Advanced settings -)</strong></center></html> 
-\\ 
-While not visible in the screen capture above, it is recommended that users consider  
-using a public DNS server address.  A list of public DNS servers is available →  
-[[https://wiki.ipfire.org/dns/public-servers|here]].  Use a server that supports  
-**DNSSEC**, for better security, and **ANYCAST**, for low latency end point DNS servers that  
-are closer to user locations. 
-\\ 
-Enter the selected address in the **DNS IP address field**.  For the majority of users,  
-the remaining fields under **Advanced settings** should remain at the defaults.\\ 
-\\ 
-<html> 
-<body> 
-  <table width="100%" border="0"> 
-    <tr> 
-      <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#69A5FF;height:30px;"> 
-        <strong><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-size:110%;">&#160; Note</span></strong> 
-      </td> 
-    </tr> 
-    <tr> 
-      <td style="background-color:#E6FEFF;height:25px;width:380px;"> 
-        <b>When saving a new static IP address</b>, the user will be “<b>going out on a limb and  
-cutting it off</b>”.  Since the address provided by the network DHCP server may be  
-different from the static IP address chosen by the user, when the new address is  
-changed, saved and applied, the GUI web page will stop responding.  This is normal  
-and expected.  Type the new address, entered in the dialog box, into the URL line of  
-your Web browser to reconnect. 
-    </tr> 
-  </table> 
-</body> 
-</html> 
-\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-**(Optional)** \\ 
-Under **System**, **Power Management**: \\ 
-The **Settings** window allows for the automation of various power related tasks, such as an scheduled reboot. \\ 
-\\ 
-In the **Power button** drop down, amd64 and i386 users should select the action preferred. \\ 
-Since power buttons are not available on some SBC installations, SBC users may chose to select “Nothing”. \\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_38.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-Under **System**, **Update Management**, **Updates**: \\ 
-\\ 
-First, click on the **Check** button , to refresh available updates for your platform. \\  
-(This may take a few minutes.) \\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_39.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-When the **Install** button is clicked, all applicable upgrades will be installed.   
-(Recommended for beginners.) \\ 
-** *Note* ** that it is possible to “selectively” upgrade by highlighting specific  
-packages. A click on a package, combined with the **Shift** key can select a range of  
-packages or, if using the **Crtl** key, specific packages can be selected for installation.  
-{{ :omv6ug_-_40.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-While upgrades are taking place, a progress window will appear.  During the upgrade,  
-the “**Close**” button will be grayed out. 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_41.jpg?500 |}} 
-\\ 
-When upgrades are complete, the Close button with be active.  Click it.  The Yellow  
-confirmation banner may appear.  Confirm changes to complete the update. 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-==== OMV-Extras ==== 
-\\ 
-(The following does not apply to **SBC** or **i386**- 32bit users.  When using the scripted  
-install, OMV-Extras is installed with openmediavault by default.) \\ 
-\\ 
-**amd64** users will have a basic set of plugin's appropriate for a basic NAS /  
-File Server.  To enable the full range of plugin's available on openmediavault, the  
-installation of OMV-Extras is required. \\ 
-\\ 
-<html> 
-<body> 
-  <table width="100%" border="0"> 
-    <tr> 
-      <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#69A5FF;height:30px;"> 
-        <strong><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-size:110%;">&#160; Note</span></strong> 
-      </td> 
-    </tr> 
-    <tr> 
-      <td style="background-color:#E6FEFF;height:25px;width:380px;"> 
-        For <b>amd64</b> users who installed openmediavault on <b>SD-cards</b> or <b>thumb-drives</b>;  
-<b>installing OMV-Extras is a prerequisite</b> for installing the <b>flash-memory plugin</b>. The  
-flash-memory plugin is <b>required</b> for flash media boot drives. 
-    </tr> 
-  </table> 
-</body> 
-</html> 
- 
-\\ 
----- 
-=== Installing OMV-Extras === 
-\\ 
-To enable OMV-Extras, running a command line is required, as follows: \\ 
-\\ 
-''wget -O - https://github.com/OpenMediaVault-Plugin-Developers/packages/raw/master/install | bash'' \\ 
-\\ 
-This can be done in two different ways, by SSH client or a scheduled task.  Chose  
-one of the two methods as follows. \\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-=== Installing OMV-Extras using an SSH Client (Preferred) === 
-\\ 
-New users should consider installing and using PuTTY.  PuTTY allows users to log  
-into their server from a Windows, Mac, or Linux client.  PuTTY will be helpful for  
-on-going maintenance tasks and, if needed, repairs.  (Instructions for installing  
-and using PuTTY can be  
-found → [[https://openmediavault.readthedocs.io/en/5.x/new_user_guide/newuserguide.html#putty|here]].)  ((Redirect to OMV6 maintenance when it exists.)) \\ 
-\\ 
-  * Open PuTTY and connect to the server's IP address. 
-  * Login as ''root'', using the password installed during the installation. 
-  * Copy the command line (above) with (**Ctrl+C**).  Click on the PuTTY window and **paste** the command line in using the **right mouse button**. 
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_42.jpg?600 |}} 
-  * Hit **Enter**. 
-  * DO NOT close the PuTTY window or the command will abort.  (The window can be minimized.) \\   
-\\ 
-When finished, the script will state **Done** and the **root prompt** will return.  The  
-window can now be closed. 
-\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-=== Installing OMV-Extras using a Scheduled Task === 
-\\ 
-A scheduled task allows Admin's to run a command line from Openmediavault's GUI. \\ 
-\\ 
-Under **System**, **Scheduled Tasks**, Click the **Create** button. \\ 
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_43.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
----- 
-In the **Create** Window: 
- 
-  * **Uncheck Enable**.  (In this case, this job will be run manually, using the Run button.)   
-  * Copy the Command line above with (**Ctrl+C**) and paste it (**Ctrl+V**) into the **Command field**. \\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_44.jpg?800 |}} 
- 
-<html><center>When finished, scroll down and Save the task.</center></html> 
- 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-Highlight the **Task** and click the **Run** button. \\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_45.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
-When the “**Run Scheduled Task**” dialog box pops up, click **Start**.  (While the task is  
-running, the **Close** button will be grayed out.)  When the task is finished, click  
-the Close button. \\ 
-A reboot may be necessary, for **OMV-Extras** to show up in the left column under  
-**System**. \\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-(**Optional**, but recommended) \\ 
-Under **System**, **OMV-Extras**, **Settings**: 
-In **Settings**, check the box for the **Testing repo** and click **Save**. \\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_46.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-To insure that all plugins are available, go back to **System**, **Plugins**, and click  
-the **Check** button.  This will refresh the page and fully populate it with several  
-additional plugins. \\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_47.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
- 
-==== A Basic Data Drive ==== 
-\\ 
-=== General === 
-\\ 
-Openmediavault is capable of setting up basic Linux file systems in the GUI up to, and including “Copy on Write” file systems such as BTRFS and ZFS which combine check summed files, RAID functions, and Logical Volume Management into a single package.  However, advanced file systems add complexity which can make administration of a NAS server more challenging for a beginner. \\ 
-\\ 
-Until some experience is gained, it is recommended that Linux/NAS beginners use  
-single disks with a native Linux file system.  In the processes described in the  
-following, **EXT4** will be used with a single data drive. \\ 
-\\ 
-Some Windows users will want to use USB attached hard drives that are formatted NTFS by Windows.  While this is possible, there are technical limitations to consider that are beyond the scope of this guide.  \\ 
-\\ 
-A far easier and better approach would be to format all server connected drives,  
-using openmediavault's GUI, and create a Samba share (SMB/CIF) for Windows clients,  
-as described in [[https://wiki.omv-extras.org/doku.php?id=omv6_new_user_guide#setting_up_a_shared_folder|Setting up a Shared Folder]]  
-and [[https://wiki.omv-extras.org/doku.php?id=omv6_new_user_guide#creating_a_smb_cif_samba_network_share|Creating a SMB/CIF “Samba” share]].   
-Samba (SMB/CIF) network shares understand the Windows file format and can be  
-configured to accommodate DOS and extended file attributes.  Samba shares serve as a  
-“transparent translator” for Windows data storage. \\ 
-\\ 
-=== RAID+USB = Potential Problems === 
-Setting up RAID of any type using “USB to drive” connections is highly  
-discouraged.  RAID over USB has known problems. The USB interface  
-(there are several varieties) may filter some the characteristics of hard  
-drives, fail to pass SMART stat's and ATA drive commands, delay the assembly  
-of a RAID array, etc. While USB may work in some RAID cases, it's not as  
-reliable as using a standard hard drive interface. If RAID of any type is  
-considered to be a requirement, drives should be connected with SATA or SAS ports.  
-\\ 
-If users choose to use RAID over USB connections, it is done at their own risk with the potential for the total loss of stored data.  RAID issues involving SBC's, USB connected hard drives, or USB RAID enclosures are not supported on the forum. 
-\\ 
-RAID is often confused with **backup** which is far more important.  For more  
-information, see the explanation of backup,  
-in [[https://openmediavault.readthedocs.io/en/5.x/new_user_guide/newuserguide.html#backups-and-backup-strategy| Backups and Backup-strategy]]. 
-((Redirect to OMV6 maintenance when it exists.)) 
-\\ 
-\\ 
-=== Data Storage - Size matters === 
-In general terms, beginners should do a rough calculation of their storage  
-requirement. When selecting a data drive, the initial fill rate should be between  
-25 and 50%.  As an example, if the calculated data to be stored on the NAS is 1TB,  
-the selected drive should be between 2 and 4TB.  With 50%+ drive free space  
-(2 to 3TB) additional data can be accommodated, without the need to expand in the  
-immediate future.  When the fill percentage reaches 75%, it's time to plan for more  
-storage. 
-\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-=== Data Drive Set Up === 
-** *Note for Beginners and SBC users* ** 
-\\ 
-Openmediavault is designed to separate the Operating System (the boot drive) from data storage.  This is “best practice” when setting up a server.  Accordingly, openmediavault reserves the drive it is installed on exclusively for the OS.  By default, the GUI will not allow the boot drive to be selected when creating a data share.  A second hard drive or SSD is required for data storage. 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-(With a data drive installed or connected) \\ 
-\\ 
-Under **Storage**, **Disks**: \\ 
-\\ 
-**Highlight the data disk** to be used and click on the **Wipe** icon.  When  
-prompted for confirmation, click  **Yes**, then **Quick**. Finally, close the  
-“**Wiping device**” dialog box. \\  
-*Wiping a disk with GPT formatting present may result in an error.  Simply re-run  
-the wipe operation a 2nd time.* \\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_48.jpg?800 |}} 
- 
-<html><center>(The first device in the above list <strong>/dev/sda</strong> is the boot drive.)</center></html> 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-Under **Storage**, **File Systems**: \\ 
-Click the **Create** icon, and click on **Create** in the pop down menu. \\  
-\\ 
-Provide a **Label** of your choice, accept the default File System **EXT4** and  
-click on **OK**.  Confirm the “**format device**” warning. \\ 
-\\ 
-Allow some time for the format to complete.  When the message “**File system  
-creation has completed successfully**” is displayed, click on **Close**. \\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_49.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-In the **Create** window click on the **drop down** arrow and **select the drive**  
-previously wiped.  Finally, click **Save**. \\ 
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_50.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
-When the format is complete and the **Format** dialog box is closed, the  
-**File Systems - Create** window will, automatically, change to the **Mount** window.   
- 
-* If needed, the **Mount** Window can be found again under, **Storage**, **File Systems**.  
-Click the **Create** Icon and select **Mount**. * \\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-In the **Mount** window, click the down arrow in the **File System** field. Select the  
-drive previously formatted, and click **Save**. \\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_51.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
-<html><center>Click <strong>Yes</strong>, in the confirmation dialogue box.</center></html> 
-<html><center>When the yellow confirmation banner appears, click on <strong>Check Mark</strong> to <strong>apply</strong>, and <strong>Yes</strong>.</center></html> 
-\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center>The Data Drive is now prepared for a <strong>Shared Folder</strong>.</center></html> 
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_53.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
-\\ 
-{{ :divider2.png?800 |}} 
- 
-===== Creating A Network Share ===== 
-Network shares are the primary reason for setting up and running a NAS.   While easy access to data provides convenience to users, storing and backing up data in a centralized location makes it much more manageable.  
-\\ 
-==== Setting up a Shared Folder ==== 
-The majority of the files and folders in a new openmediavault installation are  
-controlled by the root user.  One of the purposes of a **Shared Folder** is to set  
-permissions that will allow regular users access to folders and files used for  
-data storage.  A shared folder could also be called a “base share”.  The shared  
-folder created in the following will be the foundation for creating a “**Network  
-Share**”, covered later. 
-\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-Under **Storage**, click on **Shared Folders**, then click on the **Create** button (The blue + button). \\ 
-\\ 
-In the following example, next to; \\ 
-\\ 
-**Name:**  Add your new shared folder's **name**. \\ 
-**Device:**  Click on the drop down and select the drive that was previously added and formatted. \\ 
-**Path:** Accept the default \\ 
-**Permissions:**  Click on the drop down and select **Everyone: read/write** \\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_54.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
-<html><center>Click the <strong>Save button</strong> and <strong>Confirm</strong>.</center></html> 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center><strong>The End Result:</strong></center></html> 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_55.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-==== Creating a SMB/CIF “Samba” Network Share ==== 
-\\ 
-In order to make your shared folder viewable in a client's **Windows Explorer**,  
-under **Network**, it's necessary to set up a Samba share using the SMB  
-(Server Messaging Block) protocol.  Openmediavault makes setting up a Samba  
-network share an easy task. \\ 
-\\ 
-Under **Services**, click on **SMB/CIF** then **Settings**.  Click in the **Enable** box.  If the  
-LAN's workgroup name has been changed from the default, **WORKGROUP**, enter the name  
-in the **Workgroup** field.  Leave the remainder of settings in this tab at their  
-defaults. \\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_56.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
-<html><center>Scroll down and <strong>Save</strong> (Confirm with “<strong>Apply</strong>” when the yellow banner pops up.)</strong></center></html> 
-\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-Under **Services**, **SMB/CIF**, **Shares** (below **Settings**) and click the  
-**Create** button. \\  
-\\ 
-In the Create window, set the following: \\ 
-**Shared folder**: Click on the drop down and select **Music** (or the name for  
-the shared folder previously created.) \\ 
-**Public:**   Click on the drop down and select the **Guests Allowed** \\ 
-\\ 
-Check the boxes for, **Extended attributes** and **Store DOS attributes**.  (Leave  
-the remaining settings at defaults.) \\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_57.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
-Scroll down and Click **Save** and confirm with “**Apply**” when the yellow banner  
-appears. \\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-The final result should appear as follows. \\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_58.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-==== Explore the New Network Share ==== 
-You should now have a browseable Server with a Network share named Music, so let's take a look. \\ 
-\\ 
-At a network client, open Windows explorer.  Scroll down to Network and click on  
-it.  There's the new server, OPENMEDIAVAULT. \\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_59.jpg?600 |}} 
-\\ 
-<html> 
-<body> 
-  <table width="100%" border="0"> 
-    <tr> 
-      <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#69A5FF;height:30px;"> 
-        <strong><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-size:110%;">&#160; Note</span></strong> 
-      </td> 
-    </tr> 
-    <tr> 
-      <td style="background-color:#E6FEFF;height:25px;width:380px;"> 
-        A few minutes may be required for the Windows Network to “Discover” the new  
-server. 
-    </tr> 
-  </table> 
-</body> 
-</html> 
-\\ 
-If users are using **Windows 10** PC's, and the server and share does not  
-appear at a client, see this networking  
-[[https://forum.openmediavault.org/index.php/Thread/27179-HOW-TO-Connect-to-OMV-SMB-shares-with-Windows-10-and-Microsoft-Servers/?postID=203732| How To]]. \\ 
-\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-Now let's look at the server's new Samba share.  It's there and browseable.  
-{{ :omv6ug_-_60.jpg?600 |}} 
-\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-<html><center>This share is “writable” with a standard “Copy and Paste”, from a client PC.</center></html> 
-\\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_61.jpg?600 |}} 
-\\ 
-**Congratulations!**  You now have a functional NAS that can be expanded to accommodate  
-additional network shares.  Simply repeat the processes in  
-[[https://wiki.omv-extras.org/doku.php?id=omv6_new_user_guide#creating_a_network_share|Creating A Network Share]]  
-to create and make additional shares visible on your network. 
- 
-{{ :divider2.png?800 |}} 
- 
-===== The Flash Memory Plugin - amd64 users only ===== 
-  
-**amd64** users who installed openmediavault from the ISO image to a **flash media** drive: \\ 
-The installation of the Flash Memory plugin is required.\\ 
-\\ 
-For an explanation of the Flash Memory Plugin, with installation instructions, see  
-this → [[https://wiki.omv-extras.org/doku.php?id=flashmemory_plugin_for_omv6|document]]. 
- 
-{{ :divider2.png?800 |}} 
- 
-===== Hard Drive Health and SMART ===== 
- 
-Hard drives are the hardware component most likely to fail, in a server, over  
-time.  With continuous use, spinning hard drives last roughly 4 to 7 years,  
-but there are notable exceptions where hard drive life may be significantly  
-shorter or longer. \\   
-Given that storage failure is inevitable, the best overall strategy to avoid  
-losing data is 100% backup of the entire data store.  Further, it is equally  
-important to monitor the condition of a server's storage media to prevent  
-silent data corruption and, unknowingly, replicating corrupted data to a  
-backup device. \\ 
-Another characteristic of hard drives is that they rarely fail all at once.   
-While it is possible for a drive to fail abruptly, and without notice, it is  
-a fairly rare occurrence.  Typically hard drives begin to fail slowly,  
-gradually accelerating toward a point in time where they become unreadable.   
-This unfortunate circumstance, where data lost to a corrupted or completely  
-unreadable hard drive, might be avoidable with automated testing and  
-monitoring. \\  
-\\ 
-To protect the server's data, monitoring devices with SMART is **strongly**  
-recommended.\\ 
----- 
-==== Enable SMART ==== 
- 
-In the **Settings** window, **SMART** is enabled by default but it's necessary  
-to enable SMART monitoring of each device.\\ 
-\\ 
-<html><center>Under <strong>Storage</strong>, <strong>S.M.A.R.T.</strong>, <strong>Devices</strong>, highlight the drive to be monitored and  
-click on the <strong>Edit</strong> button.</center></html> 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_62.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-**In Storage, S.M.A.R.T., Devices, Edit:** \\ 
-\\ 
-In the **Device** field: Select the drive to monitored with the drop down arrow. \\ 
-<html><center>Check the box, <strong>Monitoring enabled and Save</strong>.</center></html> 
-<html><center>Do this for each drive.</center></html> 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_63.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
-<html><center>Note that some types of flash devices (thumbdrives and SD-cards) may not be monitored.</center></html> 
-\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-==== Drive Self-Tests ==== 
-Drive self-tests are a tool for early discovery of hard drive issues.   
-Periodic testing of hard drives will uncover the majority of hard drive  
-issues as they begin to develop and, hopefully, before a drive fails  
-completely.   The following illustration shows the setup for automated  
-short tests, for an individual hard drive.   In this example, a short  
-self-test is run every Sunday at 1:00AM) \\ 
-\\  
-A **Short** self-test runs for a few minutes and is an “on-line” procedure,  
-meaning that drives are still accessible during the test.  A **Long** self-test  
-is an “off-line” test, meaning drives are not accessible during the test.   
-While a Short test does a quick check of a drive's components, a Long test  
-does everything in a Short test then checks the media (platters) for bad  
-sectors and other imperfections.  Repairs are made, if possible, such as  
-reallocating bad sectors.  \\ 
-\\ 
-The down side of a Long test is that it is L-O-N-G, where drive size and spindle speed are factors in the length of the test.  Long tests are off-line and, since entire platter surfaces are scanned, it may push a drive that's beginning to fail closer to an actual failure as the test detects and attempts to repair problems. 
-\\ 
-There are many opinions on which tests to use and the frequency of testing. 
-\\ 
-  * Some data center admins schedule short self-tests once a week and a long test once every 30 to 60 days.  (Remember, when scheduling a Long self-test, schedule it for after-hours periods where the server is not in use.) 
-  * Some home NAS admin's schedule a short test, once a week, skipping Long tests altogether. 
-There's no exact right or wrong but drive self-tests are a tool that should be used as an aid to  
-monitor drive health, in avoiding data corruption and loss. \\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-=== Enable Drive Self-Tests === 
-\\ 
-<html><center>Under <strong>Storage</strong>, <strong>S.M.A.R.T.</strong>, <strong>Scheduled Tasks</strong>, click on the <strong>Create</strong> button.</center></html> 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_64.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
-\\ 
-In the **Device** field, use the **drop down arrow** to select a drive. 
-Again, the following selections will run a Short Self-Test every Sunday at 01:00AM. \\ 
-{{ :omv6ug_-_65.jpg?800 |}} 
-\\ 
-<html><center>Scroll down and <strong>Save</strong>.</center></html> 
-\\ 
-\\ 
----- 
- 
-==== SMART Attributes ==== 
-  
-There are numerous SMART attributes to consider.  Unfortunately, only a handful are  
-standardized among the various drive OEM's and many have little to no practical meaning  
-to the end user.  Given the variation between drive OEM's, the interpretation of a specific  
-SMART stat may require going to the drive OEM's support site.   
-\\ 
-A good explanation of individual SMART attributes, and a brief explanation for  
-each, can be  
-found -> [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.M.A.R.T.#Known_ATA_S.M.A.R.T._attributes|here]].  
-\\ 
-Where spinning drives are concerned, thanks to the ongoing  
-[[https://www.backblaze.com/b2/hard-drive-test-data.html|BackBlaze drive study]], a  
-correlation has been made between impending drive failure and specific SMART stat's. \\ 
-\\ 
-<html><strong><span style="color:black;font-size:125%;">SMART stats loosely related to drive failure:</span></strong></html>\\ 
-\\ 
-<html><strong>SMART 5 – Reallocated_Sector_Count</strong></html> \\ 
-<html><strong>SMART 187 – Reported_Uncorrectable_Errors.</strong></html> \\ 
-<html><strong>SMART 188 – Command_Timeout</strong></html> \\ 
-<html><strong>SMART 197 – Current_Pending_Sector_Count.</strong></html> \\ 
-<html><strong>SMART 198 – Offline_Uncorrectable.</strong></html> \\ 
-\\ 
-Any one count of the above stats may be meaningless, but it should be noted and closely monitored.  If any of the above begin to increment upward, as of the 3nd or 4th count, home or small business admins might want to consider ordering a replacement drive. \\ 
-\\ 
-**SMART 199 - UltraDMA CRC errors** \\ 
-While not directly linked to drive failure, it's worth noting that counts on SMART stat 199 are usually hardware or cable related.   This may be due to loose or a bad SATA / SAS cable, a connectivity problem, or an interface issue of some kind with the motherboard or the drive interface board. 
- 
----- 
- 
- 
-==== Drive Failure - The Bottom Line ==== 
-When using scheduled drive self-tests in conjunction with SMART E-mail notifications  
-[[https://wiki.omv-extras.org/doku.php?id=omv6_new_user_guide#server_notifications| (see Server Notifications)]],  
-server admin's and home users will be afforded better protection against  
-the data corruption and data loss due to a failing hard drive. 
- 
-{{ :divider2.png?800 |}} 
- 
-===== Final Installation Notes: ===== 
- 
-1. Permissions for the shared folder created in this guide, and the SMB network share layered on top of it, are completely open.  While these permission settings are OK for home environments, the server should not be exposed to the Internet by port forwarding. (Ports 80 or 443, for example.) \\ 
-As users gain knowledge and experience, they should consider tightening up permissions on the underlying Shared Folders and SMB/CIFS network shares. \\ 
-\\ 
-2. **Important**  Put your new server on a good surge suppression power strip, at the absolute minimum. An UPS system is preferred and is best practice.  In consumer electronics, the majority of failures are related to power supplies and adverse conditions created by line power.  The prime causes of power issues and failures are short duration surges, high voltage spikes, brown-outs, and sustained over-volt or under-volt conditions.  A good UPS system is designed to counteract these problems.  Further, the file system on the boot drive is at risk of corruption from sudden (dirty) shutdowns due to power loss.  An UPS minimizes these risks. \\ 
- 
----- 
- 
-===== New User - Server Utilities and Maintenance for OMV6 ===== 
- 
-The Utilities and Maintenance guide is still being drafted.  Until it's complete, users will find that the majority  
-of [[https://openmediavault.readthedocs.io/en/5.x/new_user_guide/newuserguide.html#utilities-to-help-with-omv-management|OMV5's utilities and maintenance]] procedures are applicable to OMV6. \\ 
----- 
- 
- 
-===== A Closing Note ===== 
- 
-We, who support the openmediavault project, hope you’ve found this guide to be useful and  
-that you’ll find your openmediavault server to be enjoyable, efficient, and easy to use.\\ 
-\\ 
-If you found this guide to be helpful, please consider a modest donation to support the  
-hosting costs of this server (OMV-Extras) and the project (Openmediavault). \\ 
-\\ 
-**OMV-Extras.org** 
-\\ 
-<html> 
-<form action="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr" method="post" target="_top"> 
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-</form> 
-</html> 
-\\ 
-\\ 
-**www.openmediavault.org** 
-\\ 
-<html> 
-<form action="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr" method="post" target="_blank"> 
-<input name="cmd" type="hidden" value="_s-xclick" />  
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  • omv6_new_user_guide.1643038770.txt.gz
  • Last modified: 2022/01/24 15:39
  • by crashtest